I'm sure you all remember the Zika virus from years past. As of today, it has mostly died down, but not completely. The Zika virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is more likely to spread in hotter climates. Not only do mosquitoes feed more frequently in the heat, but there is also a higher rate of transmission since the virus replicates faster when temperatures are higher.
To combat such diseases, scientists use a method called vector control, which limits contact between humans and disease-transmitting organisms. One such example is the future release of genetically engineered male mosquitoes. Because only female mosquitoes bite, the release of sterile male ones helps lower the population of the invasive species. Recently, the EPA has approved this measure for counties in Florida and California.
However, this plan comes with drawbacks. While proponents of genetic modification argue that it plays a significant role in combatting disease, critics argue that it can reduce biodiversity. Since mosquitoes interact with other habitats in addition to their own, John D. Mumford, a researcher at the Centre for Environmental Policy in the United Kingdom, states that the release of genetically modified mosquitoes can cause the unintended loss of genetic biodiversity. In addition to that, the repeated use of insecticides today leads to the mosquitoes building immunity, which could lead to even more environmental issues.
The good news is that the FDA declared no significant negative environmental effects of genetically modified mosquitoes based on a trial in Florida. Because of this, the EPA has approved the release of 2.4 million genetically modified male mosquitoes this year. However, this project still needs to be approved by state legislators. Either way, we are on the verge of finding an environmentally-friendly end to Zika.
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